Shareware Overload Trio 2

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Text File | 1994-08-22 | 12KB | 418 lines

******************************************************** * * * TUTOR1.PGM * * * ******************************************************** Set pause = off cls echo echo echo This program demonstrates the features of ANALYSIS in Version 6 echo of Epi Info. echo echo The upper portion of the screen shows results and the lower window echo is for entering commands. echo echo The STATUS line at the top of the screen gives the name of the echo active data set and the amount of memory available. echo echo The PROMPT line at the bottom describes commonly used echo commands accessible through function keys. echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo echo The ANALYSIS program is command driven, that is, it requires echo commands for its operation. The commands may be given from echo the keyboard or placed in a PROGRAM FILE that is then RUN echo in ANALYSIS. Program files may be created in EPED merely echo by putting the commands in a text file, with one command echo on each line. echo echo This tutorial will help you to become acquainted with echo several frequently used commands. ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo echo echo The commands included in the tutorial are: echo echo READ Specifies the data set to be analyzed. echo This command must precede all commands that use data files. echo echo LIST Produces a line list. echo echo FREQ Produces frequency distributions. echo echo TABLES Does cross tabulations. echo echo MEANS Does means, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis. echo echo SELECT Selects a subset of the data file. echo echo SORT Sorts the data for a line list. echo echo ROUTE Sends output to the printer, the screen, or a file. echo echo BAR Makes a bar graph echo echo TITLE Adds a title to a graph or table echo echo PIE Makes a pie graph echo echo HISTOGRAM Makes a histogram echo echo LINE Makes a line graph echo echo <F10> Leaves the ANALYSIS system and returns to DOS. echo QUIT echo echo echo echo echo OOPS!!! echo Some of the material scrolled off the screen. echo You probably want to go back and read it more carefully. echo To see previous results, press the <PgUp> key. If you hold echo down the control key while pressing <PgUp>, you can scroll a echo line at a time rather than a whole page. Try <Ctrl-PgDn> and echo <PgDn> to return to the bottom of the text. echo echo echo echo echo echo echo Press <Enter> to continue... ?EPI> ? Cls echo echo echo echo echo ANALYSIS can also be told to pause automatically after echo each screen. It prompts with the word <more> echo and then continues when you press <Enter>. echo echo Type: SET PAUSE = ON echo echo echo By the way, commands can be in upper or lower case or a mixture, echo except for items in quotation marks, where case is taken echo seriously. ?EPI> ? CLS echo echo echo echo echo echo To see all the ANALYSIS commands, press the <F2> key. echo echo echo echo echo echo To remove the window from the screen, echo press <Esc>, the Escape key. echo echo echo echo echo Press <Enter> to continue... ?EPI> ? echo CLS echo echo echo An extensive HELP file is available. echo We will display the information on the READ echo command, since that is the first one we will use. echo echo Press the <F1> key to bring up the catalog of echo help topics and then move the cursor bar echo to the READ topic and press <Enter>. echo echo As with other windows, <Esc> will remove the window. echo echo echo echo echo Press <Enter> to continue... ?EPI> ? echo CLS echo echo echo echo echo The item after READ is the name of the file that echo is to become the active dataset. You can type echo this directly if you know the name. echo echo Type: READ <Enter> echo echo Choose OSWEGO from the file window by moving the echo cursor bar to OSWEGO.REC with the arrow keys echo and pressing <Enter>. echo ?EPI> ? echo cls echo echo echo Note that OSWEGO.REC is shown as the active dataset at the top of the echo screen. All subsequent operations will be done on this file. echo echo echo The first step in analyzing many datasets is to do a line listing. echo echo Enter the command LIST, and then press <Enter>. (From now on, echo we won't bother to say "and then press <Enter>," as this is echo done after every command.) echo echo Type: LIST echo ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo echo To show the frequency of each value for a given variable, use the echo FREQ command. echo echo The command FREQ * will produce frequencies for every variable in echo the dataset. FREQ followed by one or more variable names will do echo frequencies for these variables. echo echo The variable names are available by pressing <F3>. echo echo Type: FREQ and then press <F3>, echo choosing AGE with the arrow echo and <Enter> keys. echo echo If you wish, choose more than one variable by pressing <F3> echo again. Then press <Enter> to do the FREQ. echo ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <PgUp> to review results; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo The TABLES command produces cross tabulations with statistics echo to test for associations. echo echo echo Type: TABLES VANILLA ILL <Enter> echo ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo Note that both the odds ratio and the risk ratio are much greater echo than one, and that their confidence intervals do not include 1. echo The confidence intervals to not include 1.0, the expected value if echo there is no association, and the associated p value is much less echo than 0.05. These are all indications of an association between echo VANILLA ice cream consumption and being ILL in this outbreak. echo echo echo echo echo ?Press <PgUp> to review the results; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo Stratified Data Analysis echo echo If more than two variables are given for the TABLES command, all echo those variables after the second variable listed cause separate echo tables to be made for each possible combination of these variables. echo TABLES VANILLA ILL SEX produces separate tables for males and females. echo The Mantel-Haenszel weighted odds ratio and summary chi square echo at the end of the tables summarize the stratified analysis. echo echo Type: TABLES VANILLA ILL SEX and watch the fun. echo ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <PgUp> to review the results; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo So far, we have analyzed DISCONTINUOUS data, having values of echo YES and NO or Male and Female, and the results have been expressed echo in 2-by-2 tables or at least in tables of small dimensions. echo echo CONTINUOUS data, such as AGE or BLOOD PRESSURE requires a different echo type of analysis. To compare means for two or more groups, use the echo MEANS command. echo echo Type: MEANS AGE ILL echo ?EPI> ? echo ?<PgUp> to review the work; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo Note that the p value is greater than 0.05. The probablility of a echo true difference between the ages of the ILL and NOT ILL persons is echo not high. echo ?<PgUp> to review the work; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo Suppose that we want to SELECT only ill persons less than 12 years of echo age for analysis. echo echo echo Type: SELECT (ILL = "Y") and (AGE < 12) echo ?EPI> ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo echo Now we will sort the ill cases < 12 by sex and within sex by age. echo echo Type: SORT SEX AGE echo ?EPI> ? echo cls echo echo echo echo echo The ill cases < 12 have now been sorted by sex and age. To get echo a line listing of the variables AGE, SEX, ILL, VANILLA, and MILK echo echo echo Type: LIST AGE SEX ILL VANILLA MILK echo ?EPI> ? echo ?<PgUp> to review the work; <Enter> to continue... ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo To remove (cancel) the SELECT, type SELECT by itself echo and press <Enter> echo echo echo Type: SELECT ?EPI> ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo Now for some graphics. echo echo echo Type: BAR AGE echo echo echo When you are through viewing the graph, press <Enter>. ?EPI> ? cls echo echo echo echo echo The graph needs a title. You can have up to five titles. echo echo Type: TITLE 1 Sex of Those Attending A Church Supper echo Press <Enter> and Type: TITLE 2 Oswego, N.Y. echo ?EPI> ? ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? echo cls echo echo echo echo echo echo Type: PIE SEX ?EPI> ? Title 1 "" Title 2 "" cls echo echo echo echo Try HISTOGRAM AGE echo echo (We had the program remove the titles by typing TITLE 1 "" echo and TITLE 2 "".) echo echo echo Note that the bars are contiguous rather than separated, and that echo missing values of age are indicated, even though no records had echo these ages. The BAR command leaves these out. echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo echo echo echo echo echo Type: LINE AGE ?EPI> ? echo ?Press <Enter> to continue (<F10> to QUIT): ? cls echo echo This brief tutorial is complete. Here is what you have learned: echo The components of the ANALYSIS screen echo How to get help from ANALYSIS echo How to READ a data file echo How to do FREQuencies, TABLES, and MEANS echo How to SELECT (or exclude) records from analysis echo How to make PIE, BAR, HISTOGRAM, and LINE graphs echo echo There is much more to learn. When you have practiced echo these commands there is another tutorial called echo TUTOR2.PGM that introduces the concept of preserving echo commands as program files and presents techniques for echo "cleaning" data prior to analysis. Meanwhile, you echo have already learned enough to do a lot of analysis. echo Try to put these commands to work on your next project. echo So long for now and thanks for your attention. ?Press <Enter> to leave the tutorial or <F10> to leave ANALYSIS... ?